All verbs fall under one of the two categories:

Strong (صَحِيح)

A verb free from the weak letter (ا و ى) as one of its root letters.

 

 Regular (سَالِم)

None of the root letters is repeated or has a Hamzah.  
شَرَبَ، ضَرَبَ


 Has a Hamza (مَهْمُوزٌ)

One of the root letters is Hamzah
أَكَلَ ، سَأَلَ، مَلَأ


 Doubled (مُضْعَفٌ)

One of the root letters is repeated 

Tripartite (ثُلَاثِيّ)
شَدَّ، مَدّ

Quadripartite (رُبَاعِيّ):
زَلْزَلَ ، رَقْرَقَ

Weak (مُعْتَل)

One or more of the root letters of a verb has a weak letter (ا و ى)

Initial Weak (مثال)

The first letter of the verb is a weak letter
وَعَدَ، وَثَقَ

Medial Weak (أجْوَفٌ)

One of the letters in the middle of a verb is a weak letter
قَامَ، بَاعَ

Final Weak (نَاقِصٌ) 

The last letter of a verb is a weak letter
سَعَى، رَمَى، نَمَا